How do we talk about cancer in a world where incidence rates are rising, affecting people across all age groups? How do we feel more in control when alarming headlines flash frightening figures everywhere? Dr Tasneem Fredericks, MBChB, and Sanlam Medical Advisor, advocates for empowerment. She says, “Statistics alone can feel overwhelming, but what matters most is what we do with this knowledge. By acting early – through screenings, healthier habits, and adequate cover – we can shift outcomes in our favour, raise awareness, and support each other sensitively, with love and acknowledgement.”
What’s happening and why?
Cancer cases are rising. Dr Fredericks explains: “At Sanlam, our claims data from January to June 2025 shows more than R22 million paid in cancer-related claims – around 10% of total payouts – with lung, colon, breast, prostate, and brain cancers being the most common. This mirrors global data: a 2023 BMJ Oncology study reported a 79% increase in cancer incidence since 1990, with early-onset breast, colorectal, and gastrointestinal cancers rising sharply. Cancer is increasing across all ages. While still more common later in life, younger adults are being affected more often, sometimes facing more aggressive disease and longer treatment journeys. We need to move beyond traditional risk models to ensure that critical illness cover, early detection benefits, and awareness campaigns protect younger lives as much as older ones.”
There are many reasons. “During Covid-19, routine checks like mammograms, colonoscopies, and Pap smears were often missed, leading to delayed diagnoses. Lifestyle choices such as inactivity, processed diets, obesity, alcohol, and smoking add further risk, while environmental factors like pollution, antibiotic overuse, and changes in gut health may also contribute. Genetics matter too, but usually in combination with these risks – a concept known as gene-environment interplay.”
The upside is that screening has improved, which means more cancers are being detected earlier – and early detection almost always leads to better outcomes.”
What can we do about it?
The first step is to know your risk. If a parent or sibling has had breast, ovarian, or colorectal cancer, your own risk may be higher. Genetic counselling and testing (such as BRCA1/2) can provide important insights and guide proactive steps.
Once you know your risk profile, map out an annual checklist of screenings:
- Mammograms: Start at age 40, or earlier (35) if high-risk.
- Pap smears and HPV testing: Every 1-3 years for cervical cancer. Consider the HPV vaccine for yourself and for daughters from age nine on.
- Colonoscopy or stool tests: From age 45, or earlier with family history.
- PSA testing for prostate cancer: Age 50 for average risk; 45 for high risk (family history or African descent); 40 for very high risk (multiple relatives diagnosed early).
- Mole mapping and skin checks: In your 20s depending on skin risk profile.
These screenings are often covered by medical schemes and can be life-saving when done regularly. Prevention starts with awareness – the earlier you begin, the better your chances of catching cancer before it progresses.
Lifestyle changes also make a significant difference. Research suggests that up to half of certain cancers are preventable. Small, consistent habits support long-term health:
- Eat more fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains; limit red and processed meats and sugary foods.
- Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity a week.
- Avoid tobacco – linked to at least 15 types of cancer.
- Limit alcohol, which raises risks for several cancers.
- Maintain a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and movement.
- Protect your skin with sunscreen and clothing.
These are not restrictions but acts of self-care. As Dr Fredericks says: “It’s not about perfection, it’s about progress. You don’t have to overhaul your life overnight – start with one small change. Think of this as investing in your future health, not depriving yourself. You have more control than you think.”
How do we show up for each other?
So many of us are deeply impacted by cancer. Talking about it can feel delicate and extremely personal. These conversations often touch on past trauma, fear, and uncertainty. The key is to approach them with empathy, respect, and a genuine desire to support – not to alarm or pressure. Every context is so different.
1. Speaking to someone with cancer: Start with empathy and acknowledgement, so the person feels seen.
- “I can’t imagine what you’re going through, but I’m here to listen and support you.”
- “You don’t have to go through this alone.”
- “Is there something practical I can do for you today?”
2. Asking a loved one about genetic testing: Acknowledge the fear of what knowing might mean.
- “I know this is difficult, but I was wondering if you’ve thought about whether knowing more about our family’s health could help us plan ahead.”
- “It’s not about rushing into anything – just about having information that could give us options in the future.”
- “It’s a simple test. Whenever you’re ready, we can explore this together.”
3. Encouraging a friend to do screenings: Lead with your own experience.
- “I just booked my check-up – have you had yours lately?”
- “Screenings are such a powerful way to catch things early, when they’re easiest to treat.”
- “It’s one of the best things we can do for our health and peace of mind.”
Dr Fredericks concludes: “Lead with empathy and frame the conversation around care rather than fear. Focus on empowerment, share resources and support where it feels appropriate, and most importantly, respect the person’s pace – giving them the time and space they need.
“With earlier screenings, healthier daily habits, thoughtful insurance cover, and open, compassionate conversations, we have powerful tools to protect ourselves and those we love. Empowerment, not fear, is the way forward – and every step we take today strengthens our chances of healthier tomorrows.”
